Writing a college paper

Have you ever been confronted with an assignment on writing a paper in college? I think yes. If this is your first time, or you have some problems with it, this help tutorial is for you. Here we have published some suggestions on how to make it easier, better and less painful when writing a paper for college. The material you were taught in class is a bit harder then you thought, and you are expected to state your opinion at a higher level then you used to. However, if you organize the writing process of your paper youll be able to convince your professor of your ability to think properly and state your opinions on the paper. Start with the structure If you are studying facts in a research or doing a critical paper your main assignment is to convince the audience that your thought is valid and can be true. Make a clear structure for your paper. Make a starting statement that will be supported by some well known facts. You should answer four principal questions in your paper: What is the point? State and explain your opinion on the matter? Who doest it involve? For whom it may be interesting? Be focused You must choose a way to demonstrate your opinion in 3-5 steps when writing a short paper (3 to 5 pages). You might want to add steps or restructure when talking about longer papers. Prove Your Ideas Here are some ways to prove your way of thinking: Structure your evidence in steps. Be sure that there is logic between all nearby sentences. Always clear your point of view out of not understandable thoughts. Prove your point 100%. Dont leave the battle with 1-2 evidences. Write convincingly. Pay attention to some strong phrases in your paper and try to stress more on them. Always look carefully which words to choose to explain yourself. Always Double-Check your paper When you complete your writing look back over the whole paper. Can you see which phrases reflect your opinion? Will it be understandable for the reader? Are you sure that the reader will be influenced with your paper and will not just put it aside with a thought Who Cares? A Final Note Try to be creative. Prove your opinion 100% and dont forget that this is also a great communication exercise, which will increase your communication skills. Work on your ability to develop your personal point of view and prove it clearly. Your paper should reflect your personality. Trust. If you develop your ability to effectively write, you will effectively understand yourself.

Persuasive Essay On Drug Abuse - 1228 Words

Today, drug abuse has become a controversial subject where various individuals have different views. Substance abuse is a substantial dilemma among people and easily spread in schools, work environments, and even in homes. Drug abuse starts in utterly reasons, but can begin in adolescence with peer pressure or friends using them, family environment that has violent, physical, or emotional abuse, and inherited genetics with mental health conditions as depression, anxiety, or ADHD (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014). Drugs become misuse whether it’s in recreational, narcotics or alcohol. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse, Substance abuse is accountable for and involvement in nearly 60,000 deaths annually in the United†¦show more content†¦It is critical to engage in researches that will help further the understanding of drugs to successfully prevent drug abuse. Review of Literature Causes of Drug Abuse The causes of drug abuse are not entirely been established, but most likely to include in genetics, mental health disorders, and the individuals surrounding circumstances. The drug and alcohol abuse can run in the family and offspring can inherit the habit. Genetic predisposition is deliberately substantial in establishing a substance or alcohol abuse problem. Heritability of substance use disorders varies among substances (and the measure of substance use), populations, age, and sex (Meyers Dick, 2010, p.467). It is a moderate percentage that genetics cause substance abuse. Research shows that genetics of the youth alcohol and substance problems indicate that these disturbed behaviors are a demonstration of exposure of the spectrum of externalizing disorders and recognize each individual complication independently which may result in us to fail to catch critical analysis evidence (Meyers Dick, 2010, p.467). Drug abuse generally appears along with further c onditions such as in mental illness. Substance abuse difficult nearly each condition of responsibility for an individual with mental health disorder. People who have a mental health condition are very likely to misuseShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Drug Abuse828 Words   |  4 PagesA lot of families across the United States are faced with the issue of having a drug abuser in the family. According to national figures, a little over 10% of Americans regularly use illegal drugs – which equates to 22 million people. This means that a lot of people are either related to a drug user, know them intimately or could be friendly with them. So as someone who cares for that person’s well being, you would naturally be thinking to yourself, should I be stepping in? Could I be doing moreRead MoreAnalysis : Embraced By The Needle944 Words   |  4 PagesGabor Matà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s essay, â€Å"Embraced by the Needle† uses client experiences and research to make a valid argume nt about how drug addictions are not the results of the drug alone, but from suppressed feelings of unhappiness and a lack of nurturing during childhood. Based out of Vancouver, Matà ©, a physician at a non-profit harm reduction facility, works with individuals who suffer from drug addiction and mental illness. He explores the underlying reasons behind addiction. Matà © supports his argument with variousRead MoreIs There A War On Drugs?949 Words   |  4 PagesSom Altena Ms. Van dyke Sun Nov, 30 Persuasive essay Is this really a war on drugs? Is this really a war on drugs? Many people believe that cannabis became illegal because of scientific and medical and governmental examinations that prove that this substance is dangerous. Cannabis became illegal because of racism in the 1900s. People tied this drug to African Americans and Hispanics. They said that this substance made people have violent attributes. There also was a man named Harry J. Anslinger;Read MoreAgainst The Legalization Of Drugs1671 Words   |  7 PagesAgainst the Legalization of Drugs Legalization of drugs is an increasingly hot topic in today’s society. It is one of that needs vast advancements in research and treatment for addicts to prevent the moral and legal obligations, as well as the severe health ramifications that come along with addiction of these powerful drugs. To legalize drugs would be detrimental to the family unit as well as our youth and have serious health consequences at an alarming rate. James Q. Wilson, author of, â€Å"AgainstRead MoreSummary OfCanadas Genocide By Michael Downey Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Downey’s essay, â€Å"Canada’s ‘Genocide’: Thousands Taken from Their Homes Need Help† (Downey 445-448), imparts a harrowing account of the hardships and trauma induced by the controversial child apprehensions, often referred to as the ‘Sixties Scoop.’ The essay opens with Downey’s heart-rending recount of Carla Williams’ story, detailing her first-hand experience as a subject of this abuse, who managed to survive and come out triumphant. This explicit topic introduction foreshadows and givesRead MoreDrug Use And Drug Related Public Health Concerns Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesDr. K.H. Hall English 101 – Index 1293 14 December 2016 Persuasive Essay Countries all over the world are dealing with a rise of drug use and drug-related public health concerns. Many nations adopt vaguely similar methods of battling the â€Å"War on Drugs†, from strict border control to harsh criminal punishments for drug-related offenders, violent or not. Even with these efforts put in place, many places are not seeing the desired results. Drug use is mainly treated like a crime, and that may be theRead MorePersuasive Essay on Building of Rec. Center971 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Activity Persuasive Essay By: Eduardo Gutierrez Teens in todays society are often at risk of abusing substances, getting into trouble, and causing violent scenes. They also are still trying to discover who they are, what interests them, who to hang around with, and just discover themselves. But an issue people debate about is the actions that teens choose to do. Many teens often hangout in groups at a variety of locations such as houses, parks, the mall, and other places such as a recreationalRead MorePrison Reform, We Need Change1233 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Essay: We Need Change In todays society, we’re facing many changes. Our own family, neighbors, and countrymen are afraid of many dangers that influence their lives. In America, we have somewhat of a low crime rate as far as murders, having a rating of twenty-four of sixty-two countries. Although our drug offense rate is number two of sixty-two, in the categories of rape, assault, and kidnapping, the United States tops at number one. We find ourselves asking, why? How did this nationRead MoreThe Challenge Of Cultural Relativism By James Rachels1247 Words   |  5 Pagesargument does not follow from the premise. He argues that just because people don’t believe something is true does not mean that there is no truth in the matter. He later uses this claim as a consequence of cultural moral relativism. Question 2: In his essay, McMahan argues that child soldiers are not morally responsible for their actions due to several reasons. The first obvious reason is that they are children. Most people would agree that children are held to a lower standard of moral responsibilityRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X As Told By Alex Haley1442 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional breakdown of Malcolm’s mother and in turn she was institutionalized. Malcolm and his siblings were separated and placed in foster homes, and from then, his life began a path of drugs, sex, and crime. It was not until he was imprisoned in 1946, that he decided to make some changes for the better. This essay will assess and discuss those changes whether negative or positive, on a micro, mezzo, and macro level. It will also cover some of the effects of racial prejudice on human behavior, and

Chaos theory Free Essays

What exactly is the chaos theory? Some believe the chaos theory is one of the many theories that will be recognized in the centuries to come. The chaos theory embodies many conditions of science, such as physics, engineering, economics, philosophy, mathematics, music, and even psychology. The chaos theory is only beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Chaos theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chaos theory is a theory used in different categories of science that a seemingly possible phenomena has an underlying meaning. When was chaos first discovered? Edward Lorenz was the first true experimenter in chaos, he was a meteorologist. In 1960 Edward Lorenz was working on a weather prediction problem, he ad a computer set up to model the weather with twelve equations. His computer program did not predict the weather, but theoretically predicted what the weather might be. In 1961 Edward Lorenz wanted to see a specific sequence again, to save time he began in the middle of the sequence. He entered his printout number and let it run. An hour later the sequence had changed differently. The pattern had diverged, ending up being extremely different. His computer had saved the numbers to a six decimal place, he printed it out for three decimal places to save paper. The original sequence was 0. 506127 he had it as 0. 506. Lorenz’s experiment: he ditterence between the sta rting values ot these curves is only . 000127. (Ian Stewart, Does God Play Dice? The Mathematics of Chaos, pg. 141) This is how the butterfly effect became, because of the number of differences of the two curves starting points was that of a butterfly’s wings flapping. Unpredictability is one of the most important element is a complicated system. Lorenz calls this unpredictability â€Å"sensitivity to initial conditions,† which is also known to be the butterfly effect. This idea means with a non-linear, complex systems, starting conditions will effect in extremely dissimilar outputs. The effect of the utterfly’s movements, to predict the weather. An example is if a butterfly flaps it’s wings in Tokyo, it could predict a storm in Texas in several weeks time. The dependance on initial conditions is extreme. There is a rule for complicated systems that one cannot create a model that will predict outcomes accurately. The idea initial conditions on sensitive dependance mathematical roots are powerful. If you have a circle with the points XO and Xl , this represents the starting value for a variable. â€Å"We assume that the difference between there two numbers is represented by the distance between the points on the circle, given by the ariable d. To demonstrate the importance of infinite accuracy of initial conditions, we iterate T. Atter only one iteration, d, or the distance between T ), has doubled Iterating again, we find that the distance between the two points, already twice its initial size, doubles again. In this pattern, we find that the distance between the two points, Tn(XO) and Tn(X1), is 2nd. Clearly, d is expanding quite rapidly, leading the model further and further astray. After only ten iterations, the distance between the two points has grown to a whopping 210d = 1024d. † This example determines that to close conditions begin, after only a few minor ifferences, and iterations. The exact point on the circle can only be describes with an infinite amount of decimal places, the other remaining decimal places are discarded. There will always be a decimal error even if you enter the initial numbers into the computer with precision. Chaos is deterministic, sensitive to initial conditions, and orderly. Chaotic systems do have a sense of order, non chaotic systems are random. In a chaotic system even a minor in the starting point can lead to different outcomes. Equations for this system appear to show an increase to completely random behaviour. When raphed the system, something surprising happened, the output stayed on a double spiral curve. Lorenz’s equations were certainly ordered, because they all had followed a spiral. The points never ended on a single point , but they weren’t periodic either, they never repeated the same thing. He called his graphed equation the Lorenz attractor. In 1963 he published a paper describing his discovery and the unpredictability of the weather. This paper also included key information about the types of equations and what caused this behaviour. Since he was not a mathematician or a physicist he wasn’t cknowledged for his discoveries until year later, when there had already been rediscovered by others. Lorenz had to wait for someone to discover him, his discovery was revolutionary. Another example of sensitive dependance of initial conditions is flipping a coin. There are two variables. One is how fast it is flipping, and the other is how fast it will hit the ground? Apparently, it should be likely to control how might the coin end up. In practice, it is impossible to control exactly how fast the coin flips and how high. There are similar problems like this in ecology. This occurs with the prediction of biological population. If the population rises continually, but with predators and limited food supply the equation is incorrect. next year’s population = r * this year’s population * (1 – this year’s population) Benoit Mandelbrot was a mathematician working at 18M, he was studying self- similarity. One ot the areas ne studying was cotton prize tluctuation. He tried many times to analyze the data of the price for cotton, but the data did not go with the normal distribution. He decided to collect data from. Mandelbrot eventually gave up, until he decided to gather all the information dating back to 1900. He IBM’s computer and found a surprising fact: The numbers that produced aberrations from the point of view of normal distribution produced symmetry from the point of view of scaling. Each particular price change was random and changes unpredictable. But the sequence of changes was independent on scale: curves for daily price changes and monthly price changes matched perfectly. Incredibly, analyzed Mandelbrot’s way, the degree of variation had remained constant over a tumultuous sixty-year period that saw the two World Wars and a depression. † dames Gleick, Chaos – Making a New Science, pg. 86) Another example of the chaos theory is the human heart. The heart has a chaotic pattern. The time between the beats is not constant. It depends on how much actions a person is doing and there also among other things. How to cite Chaos theory, Papers

Preclinical Detection of Variant CJD and BSE †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Preclinical Detection of Variant CJD and BSE. Answer: Introduction: JCD is a neurodegenerative disorder which is caused due to the altered folding of the host prion proteins. People suffering from CJD suffer from severe dementia, slurred speech, twitching of muscles and tremors, slurred speech, loss of speech, blindness. Finally the person becomes bedridden. Most of the people end up dying due to pneumonia (Head and Ironside 2012). Human prion diseases can be hereditary, acquired or sporadic. The cause of the sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is not known, but hereditary cases are associated with mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) (Siroska et al.2012). The infections can also be transferred from infected humans to other. vCJD is a new form of prion disease and resembles Bovine spongioform encephalopathy (Lacroux et al. 2014). Kuru, vCJD, iCJD all are caused by the proteinacious infected particle formed due to the altered folding of the host prion protein PrPc to infectious PrPsc (Siroska et al.2012). The common signs and symptoms of al the prion diseases are almost same such as severe dementia, insomnia, twitching of muscles, neuronal loss, loss of physical coordination, distorted speaking, loss of speech, blindness, coma followed by death. Symptoms of Kuru involve compulsive crying or laughing (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). Kuru is a fatal nervous system disease and is highly prevalent during the 1950s and 1960 in people residing in the highlands of New Guinea. The fore people contracted this disease on eating the infected brains of the dead people as the funeral rites (Siroska et al.2012). Kuru mainly occurs as a result of cannibalism or coming in to contact with open wounds or sores of somebody with kuru. Many years later it was found that in this disease the infected brain resembles sponges with holes (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). Iatrogenic CJD is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to the exposure to prion infections (Siroska et al.2012). Exposure to the prion particles may occur due to medical treatment that involves blood products or tissues from an infected individual. It can occur during the organ transplants, preparation of hormones (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). One can be contracted to this by unexpected incidents such as stab wounds by a needle that was in contact with a brain or tissue infected with CJD. Symptoms of Iatrogenic CJD are almost similar to that of sporadic CJD. It involves depression, memory lapse with a rapid progression to dementia. iCJD is very rare in comparison to kuru or variant CJD. Less than 1 percent of the cases have been found to contract acquired CJD (Siroska et al.2012). vCJD is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease. It belonged to the family of diseases known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (Lacroux et al.2014). vCJD is differentiated from kuru and other CJD in the context that vCJd shows its onset at a much younger age than that of CJD. In vCJD the amount of the amyloid plaques is much more than that of classical CJD (Siroska et al.2012). Unlike Kuru and iCJD, vCJD is caused from the consumption of contaminated meat products from cattle having a disease called bovine Spongiform encephalopathy or ' mad cow disease'. According to findings, the infectious particle responsible for the BSE in cattles is the same as the causative agent of vCJD. Symptoms are same as that of the other classes of CJD. vCJD as first discovered in 1996, and was prevalent mainly in Great Britain along with many other European countries. The initial symptom of vCJD is different from the other forms of CJD. It occurs in typically younger patients as compared to the other forms, whereas in the other forms, the median age is about 68 years (Urwin et al.2016). The incubation period of vCJD is unknown (Siroska et al.2012). vCJD have typical unique features, having prominent clinical manifestations. The neurologic abnormalities are delayed. The duration of the illness lasts for about 6 months after which the patient dies. The presence of florid plaques is rarely found in other forms of CJD, but in vCJD it is present in large numbers (Lacroux et al.2014). The infectious agent is usually not determined in the other two forms of CJD but is readily found in the lymphoid tissues (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease vCJD is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by the infectious prior protein that was discovered in the United Kingdom in the year 1996. It is characterized by the formation of holes in the brain due to the accumulation of the amyloid plaques in the brain (Davidson et al.2014). The agent responsible for the prion diseases in cows, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is the same agent for causing vCJD in humans (Siroska et al.2012). vCJD is exclusively caused by the prion protein designated as PrPsc without any encoding nucleic acid. PrPSc is nothing but an altered form of the normal host functional prion protein PrPc. Abnormal prion proteins are generated due to the abnormal folding of the PrPc protein (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). PrPc is protinease sensitive but PrPsc are resistant to proteases and hence deposit as amyloid plaques. The infectious prion proteins are transmissible and self propagating. More abnormal prion proteins are produced; it converts rest of the normal proteins to its abnormal isoforms rapidly (Lacroux et al.2014). It has been found that the conformational change in the PrPc is caused due to the mutation in the PRNP gene, which modifies the sequence of the amino acids. A valine or methionine polymorphism at the codon number 129 of the PRNP gene is the probable cause of the disease (Lacroux et al.2014). Normally the host protein contains alpha helical structures, but in the altered protein beta sheets are present. Biological mechanism According to Siroska et al.(2012) the time of the incubation period PrPsc is present in all the tissue fluids, especially in the spinal fluids. At first intracytoplasmic vacuoles are formed in the neurons. With the progression of the disease the vacuolization becomes more prominent and the cortical neurophil resembles a sponge (Manix et al.2015). Advanced stage progresses with neuronal loss, brain atrophy and gliosis. The purkinje cells of the brain are lost. In some diseases related to prion infection, the PrPsc protein deposits as amyloid palques. Variant CJD is normally diagnosed by neuropathology examination. At the initial stage the disease remains asymptomatic with irreversible neurodegenerative loss (Siroska et al.2012). The disease is diagnosed by autopsy, tonsil biopsy that exploits a vast tissue distribution of the infectious protein compared to other prion diseases. Biopsy is a 100% specific test for vCJD and is specific and sensitive (Paterson et al.2012). Preclinical diagnosis is normally done by the tonsil biopsy. Neuropathologic examination reveals amyloid plaques surrounded by vacuoles in the brain which are known as florid plaques. References Davidson, L.R.R., Llewelyn, C.A., Mackenzie, J.M., Hewitt, P.E. and Will, R.G., 2014. Variant CJD and blood transfusion: are there additional cases?.Vox sanguinis,107(3), pp.220-225. Hall, J.E., 2015.Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Head, M.W. and Ironside, J.W., 2012. CreutzfeldtJakob disease: prion protein type, disease phenotype and agent strain.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology,38(4), pp.296-310. Lacroux, C., Comoy, E., Moudjou, M., Perret-Liaudet, A., Lugan, S., Litaise, C., Simmons, H., Jas-Duval, C., Lantier, I., Bringue, V. and Groschup, M., 2014. Preclinical detection of variant CJD and BSE prions in blood.PLoS pathogens,10(6), p.e1004202. Manix, M., Kalakoti, P., Henry, M., Thakur, J., Menger, R., Guthikonda, B. and Nanda, A., 2015. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: updated diagnostic criteria, treatment algorithm, and the utility of brain biopsy.Neurosurgical focus,39(5), p.E2. Paterson, R.W., Torres-Chae, C.C., Kuo, A.L., Ando, T., Nguyen, E.A., Wong, K., DeArmond, S.J., Haman, A., Garcia, P., Johnson, D.Y. and Miller, B.L., 2012. Differential diagnosis of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease.Archives of neurology,69(12), pp.1578-1582. Sikorska, B. and Liberski, P.P., 2012. Human prion diseases: from Kuru to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. InProtein Aggregation and Fibrillogenesis in Cerebral and Systemic Amyloid Disease(pp. 457-496). Springer Netherlands. Sikorska, B., Knight, R., Ironside, J.W. and Liberski, P.P., 2012. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.Neurodegenerative Diseases, pp.76-90. Urwin, P.J.M., Mackenzie, J.M., Llewelyn, C.A., Will, R.G. and Hewitt, P.E., 2016. CreutzfeldtJakob disease and blood transfusion: updated results of the UK Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review Study.Vox sanguinis,110(4), pp.310-316.